Tra từ stand - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

stand [stand stands stood standing] verb, noun BrE [stænd] NAmE [stænd]
verb (stood, stoodBrE [stʊd] ; NAmE [stʊd] )

ON FEET/BE VERTICAL
1. intransitive to be on your feet; to be in a vertical position
• She was too weak to stand.
•a bird standing on one leg
•Don't just stand there — do something!
•I was standing only a few feet away.
•We all stood around in the corridor waiting.
•to stand on your head/hands (= to be upside down, balancing on your head/hands)
•After the earthquake, only a few houses were left standing.
•+ adj. Stand still while I take your photo.
2. intransitive to get up onto your feet from another position
• Everyone stood when the President came in.
•~ up We stood up in order to get a better view.

PUT UPRIGHT
3. transitive ~ sth/sb + adv./prep. to put sth/sb in a vertical position somewhere
•Stand the ladder up against the wall.
•I stood the little girl on a chair so that she could see.

BE IN PLACE/CONDITION
4. intransitive + adv./prep. to be in a particular place
• The castle stands on the site of an ancient battlefield.
• An old oak tree once stood here.
5. intransitive (+ adj.) to be in a particular condition or situation
• The house stood empty for a long time.
• ‘You're wrong about the date— it was 1988.’ ‘ I stand corrected (= accept that I was wrong).’
•You never know where you stand with her— one minute she's friendly, the next she'll hardly speak to you.
•As things stand, there is little chance of a quick settlement of the dispute.

BE AT HEIGHT/LEVEL
6. intransitive + noun (not used in the progressive tenses)to be a particular height
•The tower stands 30 metres high.
7. intransitive ~ at sth to be at a particular level, amount, height, etc
•Interest rates stand at 3%.
•The world record then stood at 6.59 metres.

OF CAR/TRAIN, ETC.
8. intransitive + adv./prep. to be in a particular place, especially while waiting to go somewhere
•The train standing at platform 3 is for London, Victoria.

OF LIQUID/MIXTURE
9. intransitive to remain still, without moving or being moved
•Mix the batter and let it stand for twenty minutes.
•standing pools of rainwater

OFFER/DECISION
10. intransitive if an offer, a decision, etc. made earlier stands, it is still valid
•My offer still stands.
•The world record stood for 20 years.

BE LIKELY TO DO STH
11. intransitive ~ to do sth to be in a situation where you are likely to do sth
•You stand to make a lot from this deal.

HAVE OPINION
12. intransitive ~ (on sth) to have a particular attitude or opinion about sth or towards sb
•Where do you stand on private education?

DISLIKE
13. transitive, no passive (not used in the progressive tenses)used especially in negative sentences and questions to emphasize that you do not like sb/sth
Syn: ↑bear
•~ sb/sth I can't stand his brother.
• I can't stand the sight of blood.
•I can't stand it when you do that.
•~ doing sth She couldn't stand being kept waiting.
•~ sb/sth doing sth I can't stand people interrupting all the time.
•How do you stand him being here all the time?

SURVIVE TREATMENT
14. transitive ~ sth used especially with can/could to say that sb/sth can survive sth or can ↑tolerate sth without being hurt or damaged
• His heart won't stand the strain much longer.
• Modern plastics can stand very high and very low temperatures.

BUY DRINK/MEAL
15. transitive, no passive to buy a drink or meal for sb
•~ sth He stood drinks all round.
•~ sb sth She was kind enough to stand us a meal.

IN ELECTION
16. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually run)intransitive ~ (for/as sth) to be a candidate in an election
• He stood for parliament (= tried to get elected as an MP).
• She stood unsuccessfully as a candidate in the local elections.
Rem: Idioms containing stand are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example stand on ceremony is at ceremony.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Old English standan (verb), stand (noun), of Germanic origin, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin stare and Greek histanai, also by the noun ↑stead.

Thesaurus:
stand verb
1. I
•She was too weak to stand.
stand up • • get up • • be on your feet • • pick yourself up • |written get to your feet • |formal rise •
Opp: sit, Opp: sit down
Stand, stand up or get up? Stand can mean both ‘to be in’ or ‘to get into a standing position’. Get up is the most frequent way of saying ‘get into a standing position’, and this can be from a sitting, kneeling or lying position. Stand up is used especially to tell sb or a group of people to do this.
2. T, no passive (not used in the progressive tenses; used with can/could in negative sentences and questions)
•She couldn't stand being kept waiting.
bear • • take • |especially written tolerate • |especially spoken put up with sb/sth • |formal endure •
(can't/not) stand/bear/endure doing sth
(can't/not) stand/bear/put up with sb/sth doing sth
stand/bear/put up with/endure pain
not stand/take/tolerate any nonsense
Stand or bear? Bear is slightly stronger and more formal than stand. Stand is used with can/could in negative statements and questions, but not in positive statements:
•She bore it with her usual patience.
✗ She stood it with her usual patience.
3. can't stand T, no passive (not used in the progressive tenses) (especially spoken)
•I can't stand his wife.
can't bear • • hate • • loathe • • detest • |formal abhor •
I can't stand/can't bear/hate/loathe/detest doing sth
I can't stand/can't bear/hate it when…
I really can't stand/can't bear/hate/detest sb/sth
4. T (not used in the progressive tenses; used especially with can/could)
•His heart can't stand the strain.
tolerate • • resist • • stand up to sth • |formal withstand •
stand/tolerate/resist/withstand high temperatures/heat
stand/tolerate/withstand (harsh, dry, etc.) conditions
stand/withstand pressure/strain/weight

Synonyms:
hate
dislike • can't stand • despise • can't bear • loathe • detest
These words all mean to have a strong feeling of dislike for sb/sth.
hate • to have a strong feeling of dislike for sb/sth. Although hate is generally a very strong verb, it is also commonly used in spoken or informal English to talk about people or things that you dislike in a less important way, for example a particular type of food: ▪ He hates violence in any form. ◇ ▪ I've always hated cabbage.
dislike • (rather formal) to not like sb/sth. Dislike is a rather formal word; it is less formal, and more usual, to say that you don't like sb/sth, especially in spoken English: ▪ I don't like it when you phone me so late at night.
can't stand • (rather informal) used to emphasize that you really do not like sb/sth: ▪ I can't stand his brother. ◇ ▪ She couldn't stand being kept waiting.
despise • to dislike and have no respect for sb/sth: ▪ He despised himself for being so cowardly.
can't bear • used to say that you dislike sth so much that you cannot accept or deal with it: ▪ I can't bear having cats in the house.
can't stand or can't bear?
In many cases you can use either word, but can't bear is slightly stronger and slightly more formal than can't stand.
loathe • to hate sb/sth very much: ▪ They loathe each other.
Loathe is generally an even stronger verb than hate, but it can also be used more informally to talk about less important things, meaning ‘really don't like’: ▪ Whether you ▪ love or loathe ▪ their music, you can't deny their talent.
detest • (rather formal) to hate sb/sth very much: ▪ They absolutely detest each other.
I hate/dislike/can't stand/can't bear/loathe/detest doing sth.
I hate/can't bear to do sth.
I hate/dislike/can't stand/can't bear it when…
I really hate/dislike/can't stand/despise/can't bear/detest sb/sth
I absolutely hate/can't stand/loathe/detest sb/sth

Synonyms:
stand
get up • stand up • rise • get to your feet • be on your feet
These words all mean to be in an upright position with your weight on your feet, or to put yourself in this position.
stand • to be in an upright position with your weight on your feet: ▪ She was too weak to stand. ◇ ▪ Stand still ▪ when I'm talking to you!
Stand is usually used with an adverb or prepositional phrase to show where or how sb stands, but sometimes another phrase or clause is used to show what sb does while they are standing: ▪ We stood talking for a few minutes. ◇ ▪ He stood and looked out to sea.
get up • to get into a standing position from a sitting, kneeling or lying position: ▪ Please don't get up!
stand up • to be in a standing position; to stand after sitting: ▪ Stand up straight! ◇ ▪ Everyone would stand up when the teacher entered the classroom.
stand, get up or stand up?
Stand usually means ‘to be in a standing position’ but can also mean ‘to get into a standing position’. Stand up can be used with either of these meanings, but its use is more restricted: it is used especially when sb tells sb or a group of people to stand. Get up is the most frequent way of saying ‘get into a standing position’, and this can be from a sitting, kneeling or lying position; if you stand up, this is nearly always after sitting, especially on a chair. If you want to tell sb politely that they do not need to move from their chair, use get up: Please don't stand up!
rise • (formal) to get into a standing position from a sitting, kneeling or lying position: ▪ Would you all rise, please, to welcome our visiting speaker.
get to your feet • to stand up after sitting, kneeling or lying: ▪ I helped her to get to her feet.
be on your feet • to be standing up: ▪ I've been on my feet all day.

Example Bank:
•After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.
•Don't just stand there— do something.
•He felt so weak he could hardly stand.
•He is standing for Oxford East in the election.
•He stood awkwardly in the doorway, not sure what to say.
•Her parents stood proudly at her side.
•I can't stand that man!
•I don't know how you can stand the heat.
•I stood there staring at him.
•I tried to stand up and found myself in agony.
•She stood on tiptoe to reach the shelf.
•She stood rooted to the spot, too afraid to move or speak.
•She stood unsuccessfully as a candidate in the local elections.
•Stand still while I take your photo.
•Surely the world cannot stand idly by and let this country go through the agony of war yet again?
•The roof was so low I could not stand upright.
•Two candidates will be standing against her.
•You'll look taller if you stand up straight.
•Books stood in piles in the corner.
•Everyone stood when the president entered the room.
•He could stand the pain no more.
•He stood and looked out to sea.
•He was standing on a chair, trying to change a light bulb.
•His heart won't stand the strain much longer.
•How can you stand it here?
•How could she have stood such treatment for so long?
•I can't stand his brother.
•I can't stand it when you do that.
•I can't stand people interrupting all the time!
•I can't stand the sight of blood.
•I'm not sure if the bookcase can stand any more weight.
•She couldn't stand being kept waiting.
•She stood by the window, gazing out.
•Stand still when I'm talking to you!
•The kids were standing around chatting.
•There were several people standing at the counter.
•We stood talking for a few minutes.
Derived: ↑stand aside ▪ ↑stand back ▪ ↑stand between somebody and something ▪ ↑stand by ▪ ↑stand by somebody ▪ ↑stand by something ▪ ↑stand down ▪ ↑stand for something ▪ ↑stand in ▪ ↑stand out ▪ ↑stand over somebody ▪ ↑stand somebody up ▪ ↑stand up ▪ ↑stand up for somebody ▪ ↑stand up to somebody ▪ ↑stand up to something

noun

OPINION
1. usually singular ~ (on sth) an attitude towards sth or an opinion that you make clear to people
•to take a firm stand on sth
•He was criticized for his tough stand on immigration.

DEFENCE
2. usually singular a strong effort to defend yourself or your opinion about sth
•We must make a stand against further job losses.
•the rebels' desperate last stand

FOR SHOWING/HOLDING STH
3. a table or a vertical structure that goods are sold from, especially in the street or at a market
Syn: ↑stall
•a hamburger/newspaper stand
see also ↑news-stand
4. (especially BrE)a table or a vertical structure where things are displayed or advertised, for example at an exhibition
•a display/an exhibition/a trade stand
•Oxford University Press's stand at the book fair
5. (often in compounds)a piece of equipment or furniture that you use for holding a particular type of thing
•a bicycle/microphone/cake, etc. stand
see also ↑hatstand, ↑music stand, ↑nightstand, ↑washstand

AT SPORTS GROUND
6. a large sloping structure at a ↑stadium with rows where people sit or stand to watch the game
•We had seats in the east stand.
see also ↑grandstand

IN COURT
7. usually singular = ↑witness box
•He took the stand as the first witness.

IN CRICKET
8. usually singular the period of time in which two people who are batting (= hitting the ball) play together and score points
•Clinch and Harris shared an opening stand of 69.

FOR BAND/ORCHESTRA, ETC.
9. a raised platform for a band, an ↑orchestra, a speaker, etc.
see also ↑bandstand

FOR TAXIS/BUSES, ETC.
10. a place where taxis, buses, etc. park while they are waiting for passengers
compare ↑taxi rank

OF PLANTS/TREES
11. ~ (of sth) (technical)a group of plants or trees of one kind
•a stand of pines

OF LAND
12. (SAfrE)a piece of land that you can buy and use for building a house, etc. on
•A developer bought the land and divided it into stands.
see also ↑handstand, ↑one-night stand, see take a firm line/stand at ↑firm _adj.

Word Origin:
Old English standan (verb), stand (noun), of Germanic origin, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin stare and Greek histanai, also by the noun ↑stead.

Example Bank:
•I'll be on the stand for two hours.
•Our company has a display stand at this year's fair.
•The magazine will hit the stands in April.
•There was some flute music open on the music stand.
•We can get a magazine at the newspaper stand.
•We took it in turns to man the exhibition stand.
•You'll find brochures of our new products on the stand.
•to make a stand against industries that contribute to river pollution
•A crowd lined up outside her newspaper stand.
•He never made any real stand on the question of regional independence.
•I admire her stand against intolerance.
•People crowded round Oxford University Press's stand at the book fair.
•We need to take a tough stand on tax avoidance.

See also: ↑run