Tra từ under - Từ điển tiếng Anh - Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary

under UK [ˈʌn.də r ] US [-dɚ] preposition

LOWER POSITION

1. <E > in or to a position below or lower than something else, often so that one thing covers the other
• He hid under the bed.
• In AD 79 the city of Pompei was buried under a layer of ash seven metres deep.
• She put the thermometer under my tongue.
• She was holding a file under her arm (= between her upper arm and the side of her chest).
• They stood under a tree (= below its branches) to avoid getting wet.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Under and below
2. specialized If a piece of land is under a particular type of plant, that plant is growing on the whole of that area
• The main fields are under wheat.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Areas of land where crops are grown ↑Farms and ranches
3. If a book, article, or piece of information is under a particular title, you can find it below or following that title in a list, book, library, etc
• Books on Cecil Beaton will probably be under Art or Photography rather than Drama.
• Trifle? That comes under Puddings and Desserts.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Lists and catalogues ↑Schedules and agendas

• The children squealed in delight when they saw all the presents under the Christmas tree.
• I bent down to look under the bed.
• A dog lay under the table, gnawing on a bone.
• She used to hide her diary under her pillow.
• There was no soap, so I just quickly rinsed my hands under the tap.

LESS THAN

4. <E > less than
• All items cost/are under a pound.
• The discount applies only to children under (the age of) ten (= younger than ten).
• If you get under 50%, you've failed the exam.
Opposite over
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Small in number and quantity

• You can get travel concessions if you are under 26.
• It's against the law to leave children under a certain age alone in the house.
• I managed to get all three suitcases for under $200.
• She ran her first marathon in just under three hours.
• You can walk from here to the station in under ten minutes.

EXPERIENCING

5. <E > happening during, as a result of or according to a particular situation, event, rule, etc
• The work was completed under very difficult conditions.
• Now that the deadline is approaching we all feel under pressure.
• The chair broke under his weight (= because he was too heavy for it).
• Under the present rules, you can buy ten litres of wine.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Simultaneous and consecutive ↑Order and sequence

6. under attack/consideration/discussion, etc.
<A > in the process of being attacked, considered, discussed, etc
• The town is under fire (= is being attacked) from the air.
• The proposals are now under consideration by the Board of Governors.
• The situation is still not under control.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Experiencing and suffering

7. under sedation/the doctor, etc.
UK treated in the way mentioned or by the medical person mentioned
• The patient is being kept under heavy sedation.
• She'll have to go under anaesthetic for the operation.
• old-fashioned She's been under the doctor for a viral infection.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Treating and caring for people ↑Doctors and health workers generally ↑People who receive medical treatment
8. be under an impression/belief
to believe something, often wrongly
• He was under the mistaken belief that I was in charge.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Believing

• An adult under British law is someone over 18 years old.
• He was under attack for daring to criticize the Prime Minister.
• The procedure is carried out under local anaesthetic.
• I imagine he's under a lot of pressure at the moment.
• Except under clearly defined circumstances, it is illegal in Britain for a company to purchase its own shares.

CONTROL

9. <I > controlled or governed by a particular person, organization or force
• He's a Colonel, with hundreds of soldiers under him (= obeying his orders).
• I wonder what Britain was like under the Romans (= during the time when the Romans controlled Britain).
• People born under (= during the period of) the star sign Pisces are supposed to be dreamy and artistic.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Ruling and governing
10. be under orders
to have been ordered to do something
• They're under strict orders not to discuss the situation.
• He's under doctor's orders (= has been told by a doctor) to cut down on fatty food and to drink no alcohol for at least six months.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Giving orders and commands

• The group flourished under her firm leadership.
• He served under Harold Wilson as Transport Minister.
• Sleeping Beauty lay under the wicked fairy's spell until the prince woke her with a kiss.
• As a young painter, he studied under Picasso.
• Eastern Slavonia is to revert to Croatian government rule next year after a transitional period under U.N. administration.

NAME
11. using a particular name, especially one that is not your real name
• He writes under the name (of) John le Carré.
• For his own safety, he has to operate under a false name/an alias.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Names and titles
Idiom: under somebody's spell

adverb
below the surface of something
• Because I'm a bad swimmer, I often go under and swallow a lot of water.
Thesaurus⁺: ↑Under and below

• The waves came crashing over my head and I could feel myself being sucked under by the currents.
• I like swimming but I don't like putting my head under.
• A big piece of rope netting was laid on the ground and we had to crawl under as quickly as we could.
• "Oh no, it's starting to rain." "I've got my umbrella - quick, get under."
• She was stuck on the other side of a locked door, but I got the key and slid it under to her.
Idiom: go under