Tra từ surplus - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

sur·plus f3239 [surplus surpluses] noun, adjective BrE [ˈsɜːpləs] NAmE [ˈsɜːrpləs]
noun countable, uncountable
1. an amount that is extra or more than you need
•food surpluses
•Wheat was in surplus that year.
2. the amount by which the amount of money received is greater than the amount of money spent
•a trade surplus of £400 million
•The balance of payments was in surplus last year (= the value of exports was greater than the value of imports).
compare ↑deficit

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Old French sourplus, from medieval Latin superplus, from super- ‘in addition’ + plus ‘more’.

Collocations:
International relations
Trade
facilitate/regulate trade (with other countries)
form/join a trading bloc
live in/compete in a global/the world economy
support/promote free trade
adopt/call for/oppose protectionist measures
erect/impose/reduce/remove trade barriers
impose/lift/raise/eliminate import tariffs (on sth)
have/run a huge/large/growing trade surplus/deficit
embrace/resist/drive globalization
Politics and law
conduct/handle/talk about/discuss foreign policy
pursue an aggressive/a hawkish foreign policy
require/use/conduct diplomacy
establish/break off/sever/restore diplomatic relations
foster/promote/strengthen regional cooperation
facilitate/achieve economic/political integration
exercise/defend/protect/transfer/restore/regain national/state/full/limited sovereignty
consolidate/extend/lose/retain your power (in the region)
hold/maintain/change/alter/shift/be a shift in the balance of power (in the region)
cause/create/open/expose/heal/repair a deep/growing/major/serious rift between X and Y
Meetings and agreements
have/hold/host/attend an international conference/an economic forum/a G20 summit
launch a new round of global/multilateral/world trade negotiations
send/head/lead/meet a high-level/an official/a trade delegation
begin/start/continue/resume peace talks
be committed to/be opposed to/disrupt/undermine/derail/sabotage the peace process
negotiate/achieve a lasting political settlement
broker/sign a peace deal/agreement/treaty
Conflict
be/constitute/pose a threat to global security
compromise/endanger/protect national security
justify/be in favour of/ (especially US) be in favor of/be against military intervention
threaten/authorize/launch/take/support/oppose unilateral/pre-emptive military action
impose/enforce/lift/end economic sanctions/an arms embargo/a naval blockade
close/protect/secure/patrol the border
lead/be involved in a peacekeeping operation
Aid
negotiate/announce a $15 billion aid package/an economic stimulus package
send/provide/request/cut off military aid
bring/provide emergency/humanitarian relief
deliver/distribute medical supplies/(BrE) food parcels
fund/run a foreign/a local/an international NGO
reduce/eradicate child/global/world poverty

Example Bank:
•Japan runs a large current-account surplus.
•The pension fund is in surplus.
•a large grain surplus
•a projected surplus of $5.6 trillion over ten years
•After meeting domestic needs any surplus will be exported.
•Agricultural surpluses lead to the disposal of thousands of tonnes of food every year
•Britain at that time enjoyed a trade surplus of £400 million.
•The balance of payments was in surplus last year.
•This surplus of food led to an unusual increase in the bird population.

adjective
more than is needed or used
•surplus cash
•Surplus grain is being sold for export.
•This diet guarantees to help you shed surplus fat.
•~ to sth These items are surplus to requirements (= not needed).

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Old French sourplus, from medieval Latin superplus, from super- ‘in addition’ + plus ‘more’.

Example Bank:
•These items are surplus to requirements.