grind
I.grind1 /ɡraɪnd/ BrE AmE verb (past tense and past participle ground /ɡraʊnd/)
[Language: Old English; Origin: grindan]
1. INTO SMALL PIECES [transitive]
a) (also grind up) to break something such as corn or coffee beans into small pieces or powder, either in a machine or between two hard surfaces:
freshly ground pepper
b) American English to cut food, especially raw meat, into very small pieces by putting it through a machine SYN mince British English:
ground beef
2. SMOOTH/SHARP [transitive] to make something smooth or sharp by rubbing it on a hard surface or by using a machine:
a stone for grinding knives and scissors
The lenses are ground to a high standard of precision.
3. PRESS
a) [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to press something onto a surface and rub it with a strong twisting movement
grind something into something
He dropped a cigar butt and ground it into the carpet with his heel.
He ground out his cigarette on the window ledge.
b) [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to press hard against something
grind against/together
as these plates (=large areas of land) grind against each other
4. grind your teeth to rub your upper and lower teeth together, making a noise
5. grind to a halt (also come to a grinding halt)
a) if a vehicle grinds to a halt, it stops gradually:
Traffic ground to a halt as it approached the accident site.
b) if a country, organization, or process grinds to a halt, its activity or the process gradually stops:
After two days the talks had ground to a halt.
6. PERFORM A MOVEMENT to perform a special movement in ↑skateboarding or ROLLERBLADING, which involves moving sideways along the edge of something, so that the bar connecting the wheels of the ↑skateboard or ↑Rollerblade presses hard against the edge
⇨ have an axe to grind at ↑axe1(4)
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ press to push something down or against a surface with your fingers or foot: The doctor gently pressed her stomach. | To move forward, press the accelerator. | I pressed ‘delete’ and started again.
▪ squeeze to press something inwards from both sides: It’s one of those balls that make a funny noise when you squeeze it. | Squeeze the lemon and add the juice to the sauce.
▪ squash to press something against a surface accidentally and damage it by making it flat: Don’t squash the tomatoes. | He sat on my hat and squashed it.
▪ crush to press something very hard so that it breaks into very small pieces, or is very badly damaged: Crush two cloves of garlic. | The front of the car was completely crushed in the crash.
▪ mash to press cooked vegetables or fruit until they are soft and smooth: Mash the potatoes while they are warm. | Babies love mashed bananas.
▪ grind to press something solid until it becomes a powder, using a machine or tool: the machine that grinds the corn | freshly ground coffee
grind somebody ↔ down phrasal verb
to treat someone in a cruel way for such a long time that they lose all courage and hope SYN oppress:
I’ve never let male colleagues grind me down.
grind on phrasal verb
to continue for an unpleasantly long time:
As the negotiations grind on, time is passing towards the deadline.
grind something ↔ out phrasal verb
1. to produce information, writing, music etc in such large amounts that it becomes boring SYN churn out:
Frank just keeps grinding out detective stories.
2. written to say something in a rough, angry, or emotional way:
‘You don’t love him,’ he ground out.
II.grind2 BrE AmE noun
1. [singular] something that is hard work and physically or mentally tiring:
I find the journey to work a real grind.
workers emerging from their daily grind in the factory
2. [countable] American English informal a student who never does anything except study SYN swot British English
3. [countable] a movement in ↑skateboarding or ROLLERBLADING, which involves moving sideways along the edge of something, so that the bar connecting the wheels of the ↑skateboard or ↑Rollerblade presses hard against the edge
grindhu | | | | | | ◎ | [graind] | | ※ | danh từ | | | ■ | sự xay, sự tán, sự nghiền | | | ■ | sự mài | | | ■ | tiếng nghiến ken két | | | ■ | (nghĩa bóng) công việc cực nhọc đều đều | | | ☆ | the daily grind | | | công việc hằng ngày | | | ■ | cuộc đi bộ để tập luyện | | | ■ | lớp học cấp tốc để đi thi; lớp luyện thi | | | ■ | (từ lóng) cuộc đua ngựa nhảy rào | | | ■ | (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) học sinh học gạo | | ※ | động từ ground | | | ■ | xay, tán, nghiền | | | ☆ | to grind corn into flour | | | xay lúa mì thành bột | | | ■ | mài, giũa | | | ☆ | to grind a knife | | | mài dao | | | ☆ | to grind diamonds | | | mài kim cương | | | ☆ | to grind one's teeth together | | | nghiến răng | | | ☆ | the ship grinding on the rocks | | | tàu sạt vào những tảng đá | | | ☆ | to grind one's heel into the ground | | | di di gót chân xuống đất | | | ■ | đàn áp, áp bức, đè nén | | | ☆ | to grind the faces of the poor | | | áp bức người nghèo | | | ■ | quay (cối xay cà phê) | | | ☆ | to grind music out of a hurdy-gurdy | | | quay đàn | | | ☆ | to grind out some verses | | | nặn ra vài câu thơ | | | ■ | bắt (ai) làm việc cật lực | | | ■ | nhồi nhét | | | ☆ | to grind for the exam | | | học nhồi để thi | | | 〆 | to grind away | | | ✓ | (+ at) làm cật lực, làm tích cực | | | ✓ | học tập cần cù; học gạo | | | 〆 | to grind down | | | ✓ | xay nhỏ, tán nhỏ, nghiền nhỏ, nghiền nát | | | ✓ | hành hạ, áp bức | | | 〆 | to grind in | | | ✓ | (kỹ thuật) mài, nghiền, rà | | | 〆 | to grind out | | | ✓ | đè bẹp, giẫm nát, nghiền nát | | | ✓ | nghiền, nạo ra | | | ☆ | to grind out an oath | | | nghiến răng lại mà nguyền rủa | | | 〆 | to grind up | | | ✓ | nghiền nhỏ, tán nhỏ | | | 〆 | to grind one's own axe | | | ✓ | theo đuổi mục đích cá nhân | | | 〆 | to have an axe to grind | | | ✓ | có một mục đích cá nhân phải đạt | | | 〆 | to grind to a halt/standstill | | | ✓ | hãm lại, dừng lại |
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