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Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th
witness
wit·ness [witness witnesses witnessed witnessing] noun, verb BrE [ˈwɪtnəs] NAmE [ˈwɪtnəs] noun PERSON WHO SEES STH 1. (also eye·wit·ness)countable a person who sees sth happen and is able to describe it to other people • Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident. •a witness to the killing IN COURT 2. countable a person who gives evidence in court •a defence/prosecution witness •to appear as (a) witness for the defence/prosecution • Several witnesses testified that there had been two gunmen. OF SIGNATURE 3. countable a person who is present when an official document is signed and who also signs it to prove that they saw this happen • He was one of the witnesses at our wedding. OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS 4. uncountable evidence of a person's strong religious beliefs, that they show by what they say and do in public see also ↑Jehovah's Witness Word Origin: Old English witnes (see ↑wit, ↑-ness). Collocations: Crime Committing a crime commit a crime/a murder/a violent assault/a brutal killing/an armed robbery/fraud be involved in terrorism/a suspected arson attack/people smuggling/human trafficking engage/participate in criminal activity/illegal practices/acts of mindless vandalism steal sb's wallet/purse/(BrE) mobile phone/(NAmE) cell phone rob a bank/a person/a tourist break into/ (BrE) burgle/ (NAmE) burglarize a house/a home/an apartment hijack a plane/ship/bus smuggle drugs/weapons/arms/immigrants launder drug money (through sth) forge documents/certificates/passports take/accept/pay sb/offer (sb) a bribe run a phishing/an email/an Internet scam Fighting crime combat/fight crime/terrorism/corruption/drug trafficking prevent/stop credit-card fraud/child abuse/software piracy deter/stop criminals/burglars/thieves/shoplifters/vandals reduce/tackle/crack down on knife/gun/violent/street crime; (especially BrE) antisocial behaviour foil a bank raid/a terrorist plot help/support/protect the victims of crime Investigating crime report a crime/a theft/a rape/an attack/(especially BrE) an incident to the police witness the crime/attack/murder/incident investigate a murder/(especially NAmE) a homicide/a burglary/a robbery/the alleged incident conduct/launch/pursue an investigation (into…); (especially BrE) a police/murder inquiry investigate/reopen a criminal/murder case examine/investigate/find fingerprints at the crime scene/the scene of crime collect/gather forensic evidence uncover new evidence/a fraud/a scam/a plot/a conspiracy/political corruption/a cache of weapons describe/identify a suspect/the culprit/the perpetrator/the assailant/the attacker question/interrogate a suspect/witness solve/crack the case more collocations at ↑justice Collocations: Criminal justice Breaking the law break/violate/obey/uphold the law be investigated/arrested/tried for a crime/a robbery/fraud be arrested/ (especially NAmE) indicted/convicted on charges of rape/fraud/(especially US) felony charges be arrested on suspicion of arson/robbery/shoplifting be accused of/be charged with murder/(especially NAmE) homicide/four counts of fraud face two charges of indecent assault admit your guilt/liability/responsibility (for sth) deny the allegations/claims/charges confess to a crime grant/be refused/be released on/skip/jump bail The legal process stand/await/bring sb to/come to/be on trial take sb to/come to/settle sth out of court face/avoid/escape prosecution seek/retain/have the right to/be denied access to legal counsel hold/conduct/attend/adjourn a hearing/trial sit on/influence/persuade/convince the jury sit/stand/appear/be put/place sb in the dock plead guilty/not guilty to a crime be called to/enter (BrE) the witness box take/put sb on the stand/(NAmE) the witness stand call/subpoena/question/cross-examine a witness give/hear the evidence against/on behalf of sb raise/withdraw/overrule an objection reach a unanimous/majority verdict return/deliver/record a verdict of not guilty/unlawful killing/accidental death convict/acquit the defendant of the crime secure a conviction/your acquittal lodge/file an appeal appeal (against)/challenge/uphold/overturn a conviction/verdict Sentencing and punishment pass sentence on sb carry/face/serve a seven-year/life sentence receive/be given the death penalty be sentenced to ten years (in prison/jail) carry/impose/pay a fine (of $3 000)/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment) be imprisoned/jailed for drug possession/fraud/murder do/serve time/ten years be sent to/put sb in/be released from jail/prison be/put sb/spend X years on death row be granted/be denied/break (your) parole more collocations at ↑crime Synonyms: witness observer • onlooker • passer-by • bystander • eyewitness These are all words for a person who sees sth happen. witness • a person who sees sth happen and is able to describe it to other people; a person who gives evidence in a court of law: ▪ Police have appealed for ▪ witnesses to ▪ the accident. observer • a person who sees sth happen: ▪ According to observers, the plane exploded shortly after take-off. onlooker • a person who watches sth that is happening but is not involved in it: ▪ A crowd of onlookers gathered at the scene of the crash. passer-by • a person who is going past sb/sth by chance, especially when sth unexpected happens: ▪ Police asked passers-by if they had witnessed the accident. bystander • a person who is near and can see what is happening when sth such as an accident or fight takes place: ▪ Three ▪ innocent bystanders ▪ were killed in the crossfire. eyewitness • a person who has seen a crime or accident and can describe it afterwards. a(n) witness/observer/onlooker/passer-by/bystander/an eyewitness sees sth a(n) observer/onlooker/passer-by/bystander witnesses sth Example Bank: •A judicial investigation was ordered, but witnesses were threatened and none would testify. •According to witnesses, the thief escaped through the bedroom window. •As the last person to see her alive, he was a material witness in the case. •He was charged with conspiracy to suborn witnesses. •He was placed on a witness protection scheme. •He was subpoenaed as a witness in a bankruptcy case. •Police have so far failed to trace any witnesses to the attack. •She appeared as a character witness. •She was the only witness to identify Peters as the attacker. •She went into a witness protection program. •The ancient temples bear silent witness to the passing dynasties. •The defence called their first witness. •The jury convicted him on two counts of witness tampering. •The next witness took the stand. •The police are appealing for witnesses. •Two witnesses came forward with evidence. •Witnesses reported that the suspect was a white male. •Would you be willing to act as a witness to my signature when I sign my will? •a witness to murder •the defence's chief witness •the marriage contract is signed in front of witnesses •Several witnesses testified that there had been two gunmen. •She appeared as a witness for the prosecution. •We have a witness to the killing. •When you sign the contract you'll need a witness. •a prosecution/defence witness Idioms: ↑bear witness ▪ ↑witness to something verb SEE STH 1. transitive ~ sth to see sth happen (typically a crime or an accident) • She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed. • Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. •The novel is based on an event that he himself had witnessed. •I couldn't bear to witness their suffering. •We are now witnessing an unprecedented increase in violent crime. •We had witnessed one of the most outstanding theatrical performances of the decade. OF TIME/PLACE 2. transitive ~ sth to be the place, period, organization, etc. in which particular events take place •Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. •The retail trade is witnessing a sharp fall in sales. SIGNATURE 3. transitive ~ sth to be present when an official document is signed and sign it yourself to prove that you saw this happen •to witness a signature • The document was witnessed by a lawyer. BE SIGN/PROOF 4. transitive, intransitive, usually passive to be a sign or proof of sth •~ sth There has been increasing interest in her life and work, as witnessed by the publication of two new biographies. •~ to sth The huge attendance figures for the exhibition witness to a healthy interest in modern art. 5. transitive ~ sth (formal)used when giving an example that proves sth you have just said •Authentic Italian cooking is very healthy— witness the low incidence of heart disease in Italy. TO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS 6. intransitive ~ (to sth) (especially NAmE)to speak to people about your strong religious beliefs Syn: ↑testify Verb forms: Word Origin: Old English witnes (see ↑wit, ↑-ness). Synonyms: notice note • detect • observe • witness These words all mean to see sth, especially when you pay careful attention to it. notice • to see, hear or become aware of sb/sth; to pay attention to sb/sth: ▪ The first thing I noticed about the room was the smell. note • (rather formal) to notice or pay careful attention to sth: ▪ Please note (that) the office will be closed on Monday. This word is very common in business English: ▪ Note that the prices are inclusive of VAT. detect • to discover or notice sth, especially sth that is not easy to see, hear, etc: ▪ The tests are designed to detect the disease early. observe • (formal) to see or notice sb/sth: ▪ Have you observed any changes lately? ◇ ▪ The police observed a man enter the bank. witness • (rather formal) to see sth happen: ▪ Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. to notice/note/detect/observe that/how/what/where/who… to notice/observe/witness sth happen/sb do sth Example Bank: •I couldn't bear to witness their suffering. •Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. •The last century witnessed an unprecedented increase in violent crime. •We had witnessed one of the most outstanding theatrical performances of the decade. See also: ↑eyewitness
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